Vortices within vortices: hierarchical nature of vortex tubes in turbulence

Kai Bürger, ∗ Marc Treib, † Rüdiger Westermann, ‡ Suzanne Werner, § Cristian C Lalescu, ¶ Alexander Szalay, ∗∗ Charles Meneveau, †† and Gregory L Eyink 3, 4, ‡‡ Informatik 15 (Computer Graphik & Visualisierung), Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany Department of Physics & Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA